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Document type

Extracting data from P&L statements

Small businesses export profit and loss statements from QuickBooks, Xero or an accountant's spreadsheet, each with its own chart of accounts. SBA and commercial lenders collect year-to-date and prior-period statements from every borrower, as PDF exports uploaded to a portal or sent by email.

Credit analysts need total income, total expenses and net income for each period. Spreading software maps those into the lender's standard statement, where cash flow and debt service coverage are calculated for the credit memo.

Page 1 of a sample Business Profit and Loss Statement, with extracted values outlined
4,060Markdown characters
173parse blocks
256fields extracted
The problem

What makes profit and loss statements hard

Each business names its accounts

Accounts nest two or three levels deep, and a name like Job Materials can appear under both income and expenses in the same report.

Periods side by side

Comparison reports set the current and prior period in adjacent columns, and many lines are blank in one column and filled in the other.

Losses printed many ways

A loss can print with a minus sign apart from the currency symbol or in parentheses, depending on the accounting software that produced it.

How it works

Parse, extract, verify

1

Parse

Parse turns the document into reading-order Markdown and a hierarchy of blocks (text, tables, figures), and grounds each block to its exact location on the page.

2

Extract

You define the fields in a JSON schema, and Extract returns their values in a consistent, structured format, each linked back to where it appears in the Markdown.

3

Verify

Each value links back to where it appears, down to the character range in the Markdown, and the page and bounding box in the source document, so every result can be verified.

Worked example

One business profit and loss statement, end to end

About this document: Two QuickBooks profit and loss reports for Intuit's fictional sample landscaping company, from a small-business accounting workshop handout by a SCORE chapter and a CPA firm. Two portrait pages: a month-over-month comparison on page 1 and a year-to-date report on page 2. Page 1 is featured. Every figure is demonstration data.

Processing objective: The objective is to read one month's result and set it beside the month before. Income less expenses gives a small loss for the current period, printed beside the prior period's profit on the same row. Each value grounds to the cell in its own column.

Demonstration fields: Company, Total income (Aug 2017), Total expenses (Aug 2017), Net income (Aug 2017), Net income (Jul 2017)

The document

2 of 2 pages
  • Page 1 of the sample Business Profit and Loss StatementPage 1shown below
  • Page 2 of the sample Business Profit and Loss StatementPage 2

Where each value came from

Page 1 of the sample Business Profit and Loss Statement, with every featured field outlined
Companycompany_name
Craig's Design and Landscaping Services
The region of the sample Business Profit and Loss Statement containing Company, with the extracted value outlined
extraction_metadata["company_name"]
{
  "value": "Craig's Design and Landscaping Services",
  "page": 1,
  "range": {
    "end": 39,
    "start": 0
  },
  "box": {
    "xmin": 0.25641,
    "ymin": 0.03641,
    "xmax": 0.74439,
    "ymax": 0.05992
  }
}
Total income (Aug 2017)reports[0].columns[0].total_income
942
The region of the sample Business Profit and Loss Statement containing Total income (Aug 2017), with the extracted value outlined
extraction_metadata["reports[0].columns[0].total_income"]
{
  "value": 942,
  "page": 1,
  "range": {
    "end": 902,
    "start": 895
  },
  "box": {
    "xmin": 0.27806,
    "ymin": 0.38214,
    "xmax": 0.79491,
    "ymax": 0.40308
  }
}
Total expenses (Aug 2017)reports[0].columns[0].total_expenses
961.68
The region of the sample Business Profit and Loss Statement containing Total expenses (Aug 2017), with the extracted value outlined
extraction_metadata["reports[0].columns[0].total_expenses"]
{
  "value": 961.68,
  "page": 1,
  "range": {
    "end": 1673,
    "start": 1666
  },
  "box": {
    "xmin": 0.27717,
    "ymin": 0.62303,
    "xmax": 0.79491,
    "ymax": 0.64393
  }
}
Net income (Aug 2017)reports[0].columns[0].net_income
-19.68
The region of the sample Business Profit and Loss Statement containing Net income (Aug 2017), with the extracted value outlined
extraction_metadata["reports[0].columns[0].net_income"]
{
  "value": -19.68,
  "page": 1,
  "range": {
    "end": 1807,
    "start": 1799
  },
  "box": {
    "xmin": 0.27701,
    "ymin": 0.66489,
    "xmax": 0.79492,
    "ymax": 0.68772
  }
}
Net income (Jul 2017)reports[0].columns[1].net_income
112.92
The region of the sample Business Profit and Loss Statement containing Net income (Jul 2017), with the extracted value outlined
extraction_metadata["reports[0].columns[1].net_income"]
{
  "value": 112.92,
  "page": 1,
  "range": {
    "end": 1823,
    "start": 1816
  },
  "box": {
    "xmin": 0.79492,
    "ymin": 0.66491,
    "xmax": 0.95956,
    "ymax": 0.68773
  }
}

How to try it yourself

Everything on this page is reproducible. The sample, its schema, and the Parse and Extract API outputs are published. You can repeat the same two calls from whichever surface you already build on.

  • Claude Skilldescribe the job; the agent writes it
  • CLIno code at all
  • MCPexpose ADE docs as an agent tool
  • REST APIany language
  • Pythonlandingai-ade
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Why LandingAI?

Documents into data

Accurate

The best accuracy on the difficult documents other tools get wrong, such as messy scans, complicated tables, checkboxes and handwriting.

Auditable

Every answer cites its sources. Values come back with an audit trail (page, bounding box, character range) so a human can review them.

Agentic

Applies multi-step reasoning, and plans before it acts. Handles documents it has never seen before and adapts to variations.

API-first

Composable APIs that drop into any tech stack and can be called from anywhere. Easy to build on and embed in your pipelines and products.

Affordable

Cost-competitive rates with complete price transparency. Spend controls before you run, and every job reports its exact cost.

Enterprise-grade

Built for production and scale from day one. Fully observable and monitored, running securely in our cloud or yours.

Built for high-volume, high-throughput production

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Capabilities

Business Profit and Loss Statement processing highlights

Total income and expenses
Net income by period
Every line item
Nested account hierarchies
Comparison and year-to-date columns
Negative amounts as numbers
Gross and operating profit
Report period and basis
Several reports per file
Accounting software exports
No per-package templates
Bounding box for every value
FAQs

Questions, answered

Yes. Define each period as its own object in your schema. Each total comes back under the period it belongs to, grounded to the cell in that period's column, including lines that are blank in the other column.

A negative amount comes back as a negative number when the field is typed as a number. That holds whether the sign sits apart from the currency symbol or beside it, and grounding still points at the figure as printed.

Yes. Define the line items as an array, with the account name and the amount for each period. Every account comes back as its own entry, nested accounts included, for as many lines as the report runs.

No. A schema names the fields you want and describes them in plain language. Extraction reads the parsed report for meaning, so one schema covers each package's export and each business's chart of accounts.

Every extracted value carries the character range it was quoted from in the parsed Markdown. The Ground API maps that range to a page and a bounding box, so a reviewer sees each amount in the cell that printed it.

Start extracting business profit and loss statement data

Reliable, structured outputs with full traceability in minutes